Research progress of biomarkers in the prediction of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapeutic efficiency in lung cancer

Currently, anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors is widely used in the treatment of multiple cancer types including lung cancer, which a leading cause death world. However, only limited proportion patients will benefit from therapy. Therefore, it importance to predict response for precision patients. Although expression PD-L1 and tumor mutation burden (TMB) are commonly clinical therapy, other factors such as tumor-specific genes, dMMR/MSI, gut microbiome also promising predictors cancer. Furthermore, invasive peripheral blood biomarkers DNA-related (e.g., ctDNA bTMB), cell-related cells TCR), blood-related soluble cytokines) were utilized immunotherapeutic response. In this review, current achievements therapy potential prediction summarized discussed.